Studying about Business situation in different regions is the first step to identify the barriers and benefits of the business environment must be taken in economic policy and planning to be more efficient and effective. The aim of the present study is based on North Khorasan Business Space pathology. In this paper the impact of business component in a monitoring field is studied. For this purpose, 58 of active investors in the province, as a sample group, were interviewed about the impact of business component on investment and the results their opinions were analyzed in SPSS and Excel. The results indicate that two components have the greatest impact on the ravages of economic activity in recent years in this province. One of them is government political stability and the other one is policies and regulations.

30% of lands earth are considered as arid ecosystems with around 44.7 mil km2. About 39% of the latter with an area of 17.4 mil km2 are considered as semi-arid regions. Around 90% of semi-arid area are located in 27 countries which has a 20% population of the world. About 86% of Iran area is considered as dry areas which greatly affect the various functions of human population. Delicate conditions of ecosystems and human invasion to natural resources in these areas has provided a national warning. Analysis of historical situation would provide a good stance to monitor the desertification condition in these areas. In this study we have tried to compare the historical situation with present condition and analyze the desertification trend. Our results showed that 76.7% of Khorasan province area are impacted by various desertification mechanisms. Our analysis revealed that desertification of vegetation cover together with water and wind erosion (first order process) with 44.7 percent of the area are the dominant factor. Water and wind erosion together with vegetation cover destruction in 24.3 percent of the area is the second order process and finally salinization is the third order process.. In terms of desertification order, 36.6% are under extreme desertification impact, very hard, medium, and delicate are with 14.4, 13.1 and 12.6% accoridingly.

During 1996, in a potato field at Bojnoord region, some potato plants showing stunting, pale and mild mosaic symptoms were marked. At harvest, a few tubers of each plant were randomly chosen and stored at a dark refrigerator at 4°C until the end of dormancy period Host range, direct double -antibody sandwich enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay (DAS- ELISA), dot immunobinding assay and electron microscopy tests showed that plants which grown from such tubers were infected with Potato Virus X (PVX). Inoculation of indicator plants caused systemic symptoms on Datura stramonium, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana glutinosa, N.debneyi, N.tabacum cv. Xanthi, N.tabacum cv.Samsun, N.tabacum cv. Turkish and Capsicum frutescent, and local lesion symptoms on Chenopodium amaranticolor, c.quinoa and Gomphrena globosa and did not induce any symptoms on Cucumis satius. The virus was propagated on N.glutinosa for purification and then antiserum was prepared against the purified virus. To determine the distribution of the virus in North of Khorasan, from 26 fields of Bojnoord, Chenaran, Shirvan, Toos, Farooj and Ghochan regions, 247 plants were randomly sampled and DAS -ELISA test was used for detection of PVX. The results showed that the percent of PVX infection in the above regions were 50, 63.6, 34.7, 53.3, 62.8 and 37.2 respectively.

Background & Aim: Medicinal plants are one of the most valuable resources in Iran, having a scientific knowledge and proper use; they can play an important role in community health. Some of the significant aims of ethnobotany project are to indicate the most common medicinal species, finding out the exact application of the plant species from various population of the area, and proving the knowledge of ethnobotany among human beings.Experimental: To achieve these goals, the project has been conducted in Farouj, North Khorasan province, Iran in 2014-2015. To acquire ethnobotanical data of the studied area, several steps were taken such as the accumulation of plants, interviews with native people, and distribution of the questionnaires. Some important indices such as the relative frequency of citation (RFC), informant agreement ratio (IAR), and cultural important index (CI) were estimated. Furthermore, a traditional null hypothesis testing was adopted.Results & Discussion: A total of 91 taxa belonging to 29 families were identified, 73 of which are grown naturally in the studied area. Asteraceae and Brassicaceae were the most detected families with 16 and 9 genera, respectively. Other diseases and digestive ones are the most curable ailments in Farouj County. Most of the parts of the plants that were collected consist of leaves (22%), whole plants (18%) and seeds (14%), orderly. Vitis vinifera L. has the maximum relative frequency of citation and cultural importance indices. Farouj area has a great potential in the growing of pharmaceutical plants. This research has been done for the first time in this area.Industrial and practical recommendations: Plant extracts can be used as cure for many diseases and some extracts might have new beneficial effects on illness.

Application of quantitative criteria and methods for the grading system of settlements in the areas of spatial inequality in hand, to identify areas of settlements and the criteria to work towards reducing and eliminating disparities among them are considered. To identify areas of the state, and bottlenecks in capacity planning is important, so that economic, social, cultural and health indicators should be determined. A criterion for determining the status and problems in the areas of their failure to achieve economic prosperity and social well being is with this knowledge. The main purpose of this study was to determine the position of North Khorasan province in terms of development indicators, and the status of development at different levels and to compare them with each other. The results showed that compared with other provinces of North Khorasan province, based on Maurice and the standard score of 26 and taxonomy based on rank 28 were achieved. The problem of imbalance in the rate of development at different levels (and city) is evident, which was studied in detail. The gap has caused and exacerbated regional inequalities. Study of inequality at various scales, was one of the essential and basic steps for planning and reform for economic growth with social justice. It can address the regional disparities in the allocation of resources to be effective, Therefore, the imbalance, is one of the goals of development programs, and is essential it the long term. Deliberate policies and reasonable conditions necessary to reduce and eliminate the existing imbalances can be provided.

Background and objective: Anthrax is a disease of herbivorous animals caused by Bacillus anthracis and humans incidentally acquire the disease by handling the infected dead animals and their products.Materials and methods: 28 human anthrax cases were reported from Esfarayen village of north Khorasan province in Iran during Aug 2009. These cases occurred following an epizootic of anthrax among sheeps of the village and ingestion of contaminated meat by the villagers.Results: Persons who had slaughtered sheep and handled meat had a higher risk for illness than those who had not. Animal husbandry authorities surveyed all the animals in these areas and found 16 animals suffering from anthrax (the diagnosis was established by smear and culture studies).Nearly 3, 000 animals were vaccinated with live attenuated spore vaccine from Razi Institute, within a week of this outbreak under a mass vaccination program.Conclusion: In this paper, the authors identify potential causes for the occurrence of anthrax.Anthrax surveillance and farmer education about consumption of meat from animals, which had died of unknown causes, must be intensified, particularly in areas of high prevalence.

Background & Objective: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infectious disease caused by a protozoan parasite from the trypanosomatidae family with a wide spectrum in tropical and sub tropical areas. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is found endemically in some parts of North Khorasan province. The purpose of this study was to define the status of the disease in this province in the years 2009-2011.Materials & Methods: The demographic information of 485 patients with CL was collected from March 2009 to March 2011. Demographic information including age, gender, and occupation and also information about the number of lesions were collected through questionnaires given to these patients in health centers of the province. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS 15 software using descriptive chi-square test.Results: Among 485 patients, 60.2% were male and 39.8% were female. Lesions were found on the face (23.4%), hand (40.6%), leg (25.5%), trunk (5.2%), neck and head (5.3%). The patients suffered from one lesion (42.1%), two lesions (21%), and three or more lesions (36.9%). The highest incidence of CL was found in Esfarayen with 198 cases (40.8%) and Jajarm with 160 cases (33%).Conclusion: Considering the number of cases reported and the consequent mental effect of the lesions left by the disease, the implementation of prophylactic and control measures is recommended.

Background and Purpose: Spatial analysis of such crimes can provide a clear geographical perspective for planning and policing management in the protection territoriesof urban areas. The main goal of the current research is the spatial analysis of theft crimes in Esfarayen city.Method: This inqury in terms of purpose, is of the type of applied research, and in terms of methodological approach, it is based on description and spatial analysis. The area under study is the city of Esfarayen, located in North Khorasan province. The data used includes 945 cases of theft crimes in a one-year period, from 21-3-2021 to 3-3-2022, which were received from the police force command of Esfarayen city. Excel and ArcGIS software were used for data analysis.Finding: Most of the shop thefts are related to the central core of the city (ImamKhomeini and Motahari Streets). In terms of car theft, the most thefts in the central core of the city are (Taleghani, ImamReza, ImamKhomeini, Motahari, Farumandi, Moalem, and Valiasr streets). Important thefts Most of the houses happened in more prosperous neighborhoods and the theft of private places occurred on ImamKhomeini, Motahari, SheikhAzari, the beginning of ValiAsr and the beginning of ImamReza streets, and the theft of car accessories occurred on ImamKhomeini-ImamReza-Talqani-Moalem and Motahari streets.Conclusion: according to the findings, the spatial patterns of the formation of theft hot spots in the city of Esfarayen are affected by the decline of economic indicators, social and cultural problems, poverty, Drugs addiction, divorce, unemployment and urban marginalization.